Artificial Intelligence for Ultrasound - End User Survey

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* 1. What is your primary job function?

Physician

Sonographer

Nurse

Physician Assistant

Healthcare Administrator

Healthcare IT

Other (please specify)

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* 2. Which best describes your workplace?

Hospital

Primary care clinic

Family practice clinic

OB/GYN clinic

Ambulatory surgical center

Research

Other (please specify)

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* 3. Which country do you reside in?

Artificial intelligence (AI) - An information system that is inspired by a biological system designed to give computers the human-like abilities of hearing, seeing, reasoning, and learning. In healthcare, AI is largely being implemented as a tool to more efficiently and accurately review data, and uncover patterns in the data that can be used to improve analyses, uncover inefficiencies, and streamline care, from both clinical and operational perspectives.

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* 4. Does your practice currently use AI for ultrasound?

Yes

If your practice does not currently use AI (as indicated in the previous question) please respond to the following questions with your expectations for AI if your practice DID use AI.

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* 5. How often does your practice use the following AI features? (Please select the most appropriate answer for each feature)

	Hourly	Daily	Weekly	Monthly	Annually	Never
Workflow improvements	Workflow improvements Hourly	Workflow improvements Daily	Workflow improvements Weekly	Workflow improvements Monthly	Workflow improvements Annually	Workflow improvements Never
Anatomical detection	Anatomical detection Hourly	Anatomical detection Daily	Anatomical detection Weekly	Anatomical detection Monthly	Anatomical detection Annually	Anatomical detection Never
Diagnostic decision support	Diagnostic decision support Hourly	Diagnostic decision support Daily	Diagnostic decision support Weekly	Diagnostic decision support Monthly	Diagnostic decision support Annually	Diagnostic decision support Never
Image optimization	Image optimization Hourly	Image optimization Daily	Image optimization Weekly	Image optimization Monthly	Image optimization Annually	Image optimization Never
Image acquisition guidance	Image acquisition guidance Hourly	Image acquisition guidance Daily	Image acquisition guidance Weekly	Image acquisition guidance Monthly	Image acquisition guidance Annually	Image acquisition guidance Never
Automated measurements	Automated measurements Hourly	Automated measurements Daily	Automated measurements Weekly	Automated measurements Monthly	Automated measurements Annually	Automated measurements Never
Other	Other Hourly	Other Daily	Other Weekly	Other Monthly	Other Annually	Other Never

If 'Other' please specify

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* 6. For which clinical applications does your practice use AI? (Please select all that apply)

Cardiology

OB/GYN

General imaging

Anesthesia

Critical care

Emergency medicine

MSK

Other (please specify)

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* 7. What type of ultrasound system has your practice equipped with AI? (Please select all that apply)

Black & white

Color

2D imaging

3D imaging

Cart-based

Compact (portable, clamshell, laptop, tablet)

Handheld

Other (please specify)

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* 8. How important are the following features in your practice of AI?

	5 - Extremely important	4	3	2	1 - Not important at all
Shorter scan times	Shorter scan times 5 - Extremely important	Shorter scan times 4	Shorter scan times 3	Shorter scan times 2	Shorter scan times 1 - Not important at all
Reduce scan numbers	Reduce scan numbers 5 - Extremely important	Reduce scan numbers 4	Reduce scan numbers 3	Reduce scan numbers 2	Reduce scan numbers 1 - Not important at all
Improve image quality	Improve image quality 5 - Extremely important	Improve image quality 4	Improve image quality 3	Improve image quality 2	Improve image quality 1 - Not important at all
Improve image standardization	Improve image standardization 5 - Extremely important	Improve image standardization 4	Improve image standardization 3	Improve image standardization 2	Improve image standardization 1 - Not important at all
Improve reader interpretation	Improve reader interpretation 5 - Extremely important	Improve reader interpretation 4	Improve reader interpretation 3	Improve reader interpretation 2	Improve reader interpretation 1 - Not important at all
Increase reader confidence	Increase reader confidence 5 - Extremely important	Increase reader confidence 4	Increase reader confidence 3	Increase reader confidence 2	Increase reader confidence 1 - Not important at all
Other	Other 5 - Extremely important	Other 4	Other 3	Other 2	Other 1 - Not important at all

If 'Other' please specify

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* 9. How much time/money does AI save your practice?

	No reduction	<25% reduction	25-50% reduction	>50% reduction
Time	Time No reduction	Time <25% reduction	Time 25-50% reduction	Time >50% reduction
Money	Money No reduction	Money <25% reduction	Money 25-50% reduction	Money >50% reduction

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* 10. What types of technology does your practice’s AI systems employ? (Please select all that apply)

Machine learning - A type of AI that involves using computerized mathematical algorithms that can learn from data and can depart from strictly following rule-based, pre-programmed logic.

Deep learning - A form of machine learning that uses the model of human neural networks to make its predictions about new datasets.

Computer vision - Technology that attempts to identify images of objects that can be seen. It can also include attempts to use the same technology to identify patterns in data, such as seismographic readings, that humans cannot see.

Natural language processing - Technology that enables computers to understand human language as it is spoken and written and to produce human-like speech and writing.

Machine reasoning - Technology attempts to simulate human thought processes by using a computerized model of language to acquire knowledge and then make decisions. Instead of being programmable in the traditional sense, expert systems are designed to build the model’s own understanding of the world based on the relationships between words and concepts.

Other (please specify)

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* 11. How is AI deployed in your practice? (Please select all that apply)

Integrated

On-premise network

Application program interface (API)

Cloud-based API

Other (please specify)

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* 12. Which best reflects your company’s purchase of AI? (Please select all that apply)

One-time purchase bundled with hardware

One-time purchase from AI vendor

Subscription through equipment vendor

Subscription through AI vendor

Other (please specify)

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* 13. On average, how much above the equipment cost does your practice pay for AI? (Per software application)

<5%

5% - 15%

15% - 25%

>25%

Do not pay for AI

Cannot determine (please specify why)

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* 14. How do you feel about the price of your practice’s AI?

The price is appropriate

The price is too low, causing me to question the quality

The price is slightly high, causing me to question its value

The price is too high

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* 15. How much above the equipment cost would your practice be willing to pay for AI? (Per software application)

<5%

5% - 15%

15% - 25%

>25%

Cannot determine (please specify why)

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* 16. How does AI change how your practice uses ultrasound? (Please select all that apply)

Less training is required

Use ultrasound instead of other modalities

Use ultrasound when previously would not use any medical imaging

Document scans more frequently

Other (please specify)

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* 17. What are the biggest barriers to AI adoption? (Select up to two)

Cost

Education

Training

Workflow integration

Lack of confidence

Technology does not meet clinical needs

Other (please specify)

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* 18. What are the biggest drivers for AI adoption? (Select up to two)

Time savings

Cost savings

Improved diagnostics

Ease-of-use

Other (please specify)